The Car Bed Made By Volkswagen Is For Van Winkle - 743 Words

The car bed made by â€Å"VW is for Van Winkle† does not constitute a conveyance because it is not self-propelled and is not listed as a motor vehicle under Fla. Stat.  §810.11 (2013). â€Å"’Conveyance’ means any motor vehicle, ship, vessel, railroad vehicle or car, trailer, aircraft, or sleeping car; and â€Å"to enter a conveyance† includes taking apart any portion of the conveyance.† Fla. Stat.  §810.11 (2013). Vehicles that are propelled only by human power are excluded from the definition of a motor vehicle. A.M. v. State, 678 So.2d 914, 915 (Fla. 1st Dist. Ct. App. 1996) (citing Fla. Stat.  § 316.003(2) (21)). The appellant was seen riding a bicycle a few hours after the bicycle was reported stolen. A.M 678 So.2d at 915. The appellant stated that he was given permission from his friend to use the bicycle. Id. The trial court found the appellant guilty of trespassing in a conveyance. Id. The appellate court held that all of the s tatutory elements of the lesser offense failed. Id. The court also held that the evidence brought about in trial court did not fulfill each element; therefore, the court did not support the conviction for trespass in a conveyance. Id. A vehicle that runs and is self-propelled but is not used to transport people is not considered a conveyance. M.J.S. v. State, 453 So.2d 870, 871 (Fla. 2nd Dist. Ct. App. 1984). The appellant was seen sitting in the operator’s seat of a construction backhoe working and moving the controls. Id. at 870. The state said

Police Complaints Free Essays

Analysis Application Police Complaints November 21, 2011 Abstract Conducting ourselves as mature individuals could determine whether or not we’re taken seriously within society. Since the beginning of time, black, white, Hispanic, etc. , have filed complaints against police officers, regardless of their maturity level or regardless of their own fault level. We will write a custom essay sample on Police Complaints or any similar topic only for you Order Now Is society too disrespectful to law enforcement? If civilians could walk in police officer shoes for one day would the complaint level decrease? This paper will focus on the perception of the police by measuring public complaints and identifying two key aspects that affect the relationships between law enforcement and civilians. Background One may be shocked to learn that police officer complaints and the final outcome of said complaints are not handled by the police chief, the city’s mayor or a review board, but instead by an â€Å"arbitrator†. (Iris, 1998) This has been a particular struggle between police chief’s and review boards across the United States. In the years between 1990 and 1993 â€Å"there was a total of 328 disciplinary actions decided by binding arbitrators† involving the Chicago Police Department, and under a new policy in 1993, â€Å"205 disciplinary actions were reviewed by arbitrators for non-binding advisory opinions. † (Iris, 1998, pg. 216) Despite a rigorous review process, surprisingly disciplines imposed upon Chicago police officers were cut in half by the arbitrators. Could the ineffectiveness of the police discipline have a major affect in regards to civilian complaints? If arbitrators are not punishing police officers appropriately, this could be a reason for their actions and why some officers feel as though they are above the law. More officers need to be held accountable for their actions and across the United States, each complaint made against an officer should hold the same outcome if found guilty. Concerns/Issues In an article written by Dina DeCrescenzo, the author mentioned two forms of holding police officers accountable early on in their careers and those are; internal and external. Internal forms include the presence of an effective internal affairs division; proper recruitment; selection peer or coworker pressure†. External forms include; civilian review boards and citizens reporting deviant police behavior†. (Burns, 2009, pg. 69) Identifying deviant police officers early can definitely have an affect on civilian complaints. In 2005 in Los Angeles, CA, a 13 year-old, 8th grader was killed by a police officer after failing to stop a vehicle and leading officers on a chase. The officer had not idea that the assailant was a 13 year-old boy. The police chief had a very challenging job at the time, of reforming the police department. The police chief found that the officers’ actions were justified because his life was threatened. However the commission, headed by a civil rights activist, â€Å"voted 4 to 1 to set aside† the police chiefs’ finding and ruled that the officer â€Å"violated department policy when he fired into the car as the boy backed toward him†. (Murr, 2005) Many disagreed with this decision; some thought that because the officer risks his life to protect the public, the decision was unjust. This may be the key reason why complaints are not reported or are not taken seriously. If law enforcement are not being held accountable, how can civilians trust them? Now in the aforementioned case, the ruling was overruled; however the public opinion by law officials in regards to the ruling weighs heavily on society and the criminal justice system. If law officials believe that every shooting incident is warranted because police officers put their lives in danger, then the public will not have faith in the legal system. Proposed Solutions A key issue in this sample is the measurement of how civilians feel about law enforcement. Trust and confidence for law enforcement are the main reason individuals feel compelled to either speak up or not speak up at all against officers. How can we help society gain trust and confidence in its law enforcement individuals? 1. Personal experiences with police: Questionnaires offered to individuals that would love to see a change in policing and less complaints. The questions would consist of thoughts on fighting crime, crime prevention, victims of police brutality, community concerns and thoughts on unlawful stops. Collecting this data will allow law enforcement to react in the appropriate manner. Not necessarily criticizing information, but helpful information. 2. Community: Questionnaires in regards to community policing (good or bad), teenagers within the community, policing programs to assist single parents. This type of information is critical to identifying reasons for crime. Working together with the community can decrease police complaints because confidence and trust has been replenished in the neighborhood. Conclusion Unfortunately the number of police complaints within the United States by citizens are hard to identify because each law enforcement agency records and processes complaints differently. Police officers are held accountable for not only their partners, themselves, but the community. If tactics are not used to build better relationships within the communities they police, citizen complaints will continue. The aforementioned samples can be used to help offset some of the miscommunication happening between law enforcement and citizens. Society and law enforcement must come to a middle point on the ruler to help make a safer environment. References Burns, Ronald G. (2009) Critical issues in criminal justice. Upper Saddle River: Pearson Prentice Hall. Murr, A. (2005). Back on the Mean Streets. Newsweek, 145(8), 32. How to cite Police Complaints, Papers

Sustainability of Mortgage Broking Business - Click For Solution

Question: Discuss about the Plan for sustainability of Mortgage Broking Business. Answer: Objectives A mortgage broker is one who acts as an intermediary between the borrower and the lender. Richmond Funding does the necessary paperwork by collecting the documents from the borrower and passes the papers to the lender for underwriting purpose and approval (Holgate, 2012). Mortgage lender is the registered owner of the loan funds, and the mortgage broker is paid fees for compensation for his services, known as the origination fee. Our aim is to be one of the top broking firms in the region within our five years of working, or before. Mission Every service we consume is a provided from a service provider. We dont know what damages our environment suffers due to our services. There is the world outside the cities, filled with air, water, and land pollution. The natural resources are exploited in such a manner which can lead to its scarcity one day. Thus, the need for sustainability arises. It focuses on a range of different concepts and practices. However, its main focus areas are carbon footprints, greenhouse gasses, etc.(Wang and Wang, 2015). But now it has started giving equal importance to economic as well as social factors because they also affect it substantially. Even though we belong to a service industry, our mission is to serve best services to our clients along with proper checking of the environmental cost (Naud, 2011). Company Summary The nature and scope of our activities vary with the different jurisdiction of different countries. For instance, in the UK, anyone providing mortgage broking services shall be held financially liable if the advice which the broker gave to the lender about the borrowers circumstances is later found to be incorrect (Conklin, 2016). In some jurisdictions, the job of the broker might be a sales job: guiding the borrower towards the right lender. He does not give any advice and a commission is received for the job. Our sustainability policy should focus on this scope, so as to ensure that the objectives of the business are given. It also covers all business operations and stakeholder interactions which we handle during our daily operations. Planning plays an important role by enclosing sustainability into our daily business workings. Areas where the concept of sustainability can be applied are strategy and management operations, design and technology and to our daily operations. Business Ownership The owners and principal brokers of Richmond Funding are Mark Henry and Joe Banks. Areas of application of sustainability In management and strategic processes, we can add some improvements for sustainability for the entire business. The main focus areas are governance and planning, compliance, impact on the community, and procedures. We can improve social sustainability by creating a strong relationship with the local population or by giving adequate training to the employees. This approach will have a direct impact on the sustainability of our business(Sanchez, 2010). The strategic decisions will help in guiding the implementation of operationally efficient projects and whether we should spend on technology, improvement in the product, in product designs, etc.(Noseworthy, Wasylak, and O'Neill, 2015). Technology and design is a broader term which covers fields such as product improvement and lifecycle, monitoring of environment and control,facility design and management.We may want to develop some new ways for energy saving or smart products that increase consumers sustainability or we can set standards to enhance the energy efficiency at our offices and facilities. These technology and design decisions play an important role in improving sustainability, particularly our environmental as well as economic viability aspect. For instance, on a small scale, we can use motion sensors for office lights or make procedures to make sure that the appliance is switched off if not being used (Crossley, 2008). Today, customers are aware of the energy consumed by each of their appliances from both cost as well as environmental point of view (Borg, 2008). The demand for smart products is increasing day by day which consumes less energy and has other innovative features like auto switching, self- monitoring or the system of re-use of water, etc. (Durbach and Davis, 2012) We might decide to target our daily operations. The areas covered are measurement and reporting of operational resource efficiency, process improvement, sustainability performance, management of waste as well as supply chain management decisions (Eicher, 2002). We encourage our staff to save energy and come out with more efficient processes. We have set up productivity and efficiency systems that target normal wastage in the processes, waiting time and waste materials. Operational staff plays a crucial role in achieving business goals. Employees who dedicatedly take part in a workplace tradition of respect and who give good ideas for improvements are an invaluable asset for the organization(Zhang, Wang, and Zhou, 2014). Since ours is a service industry, issues such as waste management, supply chain management,etc. are not required to be addressed ( Topic on Supply Chain Management and Resources Management, 2013). Recommendations to our employees and clients For better sustainability, we have adopted various steps such as, we can achieve energy efficiency by ensuring that all lights are replaced with energy efficient lights such as LED, and all electrical appliances are turned off during night hours when not being used. We have also advised our clients to do the same(Bashmakov and Myshak, 2014). We also make sure that the office stationery such as printing papers is appropriately recycled. We advise our clients to use both the sides of the paper and recycle them. We also advise our staff and other partners to use public transport as much as possible when visiting the office or to the clients. We even encourage our clients to use public transport when visiting our office. We conduct our meetings through audio/video conferencing who live out of the state instead of visiting them personally. We also discuss the success stories of various famous men and their contribution towards the sustainable development of the business with our employees. This motivates the employees to come up with innovative ideas(McGee, 2006). Those who take interest in improving processes and Follow Companys advice for energy conservation are adequately rewarded, and their work is recognized too(White, 2009). We identify the trends of the past years as well as from the industry standards, regarding environmental and energy conservation aspect, and take appropriate actions wherever needed. Since we want our business to be sustainable, we believe in maintaininggood relations with our clients, partners and employees because it affects the business productivity, our reputation as well as governance. This is known as community impact. Conclusion It is likely that a sustainable policy cannot by written by a single person within an organization. Rather, it is developed from the ideas and recommendations of various persons. Each idea is sought and then it is carefully included in the policy. References Conklin, J. (2016). Financial Literacy, Broker-Borrower Interaction and Mortgage Default. Real Estate Economics, p.n/an/a. Holgate, S. (2012). Emerging Professions: Knowledge Broker. Science. Naud, W. (2011). Climate Change and Industrial Policy. Sustainability, 3(12), pp.1003-1021. Wang, C. and Wang, F. (2015). Structural Decomposition Analysis of Carbon Emissions with Policy Recommendations for Energy Sustainability in Xinjiang. Sustainability, 7(6), pp.7548-7567. Sanchez, R. (2010). Integrating Design into Strategic Management Processes. Design Management Review, 17(4), pp.10-17. Hahn, R. (2012). ISO 26000 and the Standardization of Strategic Management Processes for increasing Sustainability and Corporate Social Responsibility. Business Strategy and the Environment, 22(7), pp.442-455. Noseworthy, T., Wasylak, T. and O'Neill, B. (2015). Strategic clinical networks in Alberta: Structures, processes, and early outcomes. Healthcare Management Forum, 28(6), pp.262-264. Borg, N. (2008). Energy efficiency: past the tipping point?. Energy Efficiency, 1(1), pp.77-78. Bashmakov, I. and Myshak, A. (2014). Russian energy efficiency accounting system. Energy Efficiency, 7(5), pp.743-759. Crossley, D. (2008). Tradeable energy efficiency certificates in Australia. Energy Efficiency, 1(4), pp.267-281. Eicher, A. (2002). Waste Management Introduction. Waste Management, 22(4), pp.367-368. Special Topic on Resources and Supply Chain Management. (2013). J Supply Chain Manag, 49(2), pp.137-137. Zhang, Y., Wang, Z. and Zhou, G. (2014). Determinants of employee electricity saving: the role of social benefits, personal benefits, and organizational electricity saving the climate. Journal of Cleaner Production, 66, pp.280-287. Durbach, I. and Davis, S. (2012). Decision support for shortlisting of electricity-saving options: a SMAA approach. Orion, 28(2), p.99. McGee, L. (2006). How to motivate your employees to learn. Strategic HR Review, 5(3), pp.5-5. White, G. (2009). Managing Performance of Employee and Reward: Concepts, Strategies, Practices - Edited by John Shields. Industrial Relations Journal, 40(2), pp.173-175.

Sheila Mason and Craig Shepherd Essay Example

Sheila Mason and Craig Shepherd Paper 1. What are the most important issues confronting Sheila Mason? Explain you priority of important issues. The most important issue confronting Sheila is that her previous company, ATS, is claiming she may be in violation of her Employee Noncompetition, Nonsolicitation, Nondisclosure and Development Agreement that she signed when she was hired by the company. The day after she quit she began officially working for her own company, which ATS indicates is in direct competition with its own business. Her agreement with her former employer indicates that she cannot be involved directly or indirectly with another company for a period of one year after leaving ATS that is in competition with ATS. Mason also has another issue with the agreement she signed which states that she cannot, for one year from her termination date of her ATS employment, solicit or do business with any customer of the Company or any potential customer of the Company. So, her first hurdle is going to be to prove that her new business is in no way in competition with ATS. If she succeeds at this, she will then have to ensure that does not speak with any customers that ATS currently holds. This will significantly limit her market for initial sales of the product. Another issue confronting Mason is that she frequently uses her personal laptop for business travel and as such, she syncs her work data with her personal data. ATS, her former company, is now claiming ownership of this data and requesting that she turn it back over to the company. We will write a custom essay sample on Sheila Mason and Craig Shepherd specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Sheila Mason and Craig Shepherd specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Sheila Mason and Craig Shepherd specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Within this collection of data there is likely revealing information relating to her new venture. This could give ATS all the proof they need in order to charge her with the violation of the agreement she signed with the company. This issue should be her least priority at the moment because if she is careful, she can ensure that no information relating to her new venture is ever transferred to ATS. 2. What are the most important issues confronting Craig Shepherd? Explain your priority of important issues. The most important issue confronting Shepherd is that his current employer, Nova, is claiming all rights to his invention. This was a direct result of Shepherd disclosing information to his boss that revealed his invention. This is by far the most pressing issue for Shepherd because if he is unable to fully protect his invention from his employer, none of the remaining issues even matter. Nova does not develop any type of translation engine themselves, however they are in the business of rewriting applications to run on new systems. This demonstrates to Nova that Shepherd could have used knowledge gained while working at Nova to develop the translation engine. This also brings up the issue of the translation engine he developed being in direct competition with Novas current business. Another issue confronting Shepherd is that the software he created, even though it was development during his own personal time using his own personal machine, it was created while he was currently an employee at Nova. Disclosing this information to his employer gives them enough justification to claim ownership of that software. As agreed by Shepherd when joining Nova, they claim all ownership of any ideas or software that Shepherd generates while he is an employee of the company. 3. What is your evaluation of the non-disclosure agreement (NDA)? Would you sign this as a venture capitalist? Why or why not? The non-disclosure agreement presented by Mason and Shepherd seeks to safe guard their idea, such that the venture capital firm is legally unable to implement Mason and Shepherds idea themselves or disclose the idea to any other parties. The problem with the NDA is that it cannot prevent the idea from being implement by another party. However, if the idea is implemented it by another party after receiving the information, it gives Mason and Shepherd legal precedence to claim that they acted in violation of the NDA itself which will strongly support their case if they must take the other parties to court. As a VC, I would not consider signing the NDA. This would only create unnecessary costs and complexity for the venture capital firm along with the associated potential legal issues that could arise. The VC would need to hire a team of lawyers solely to ensure they are not violating the terms of the NDA. This would also require them to review their entire investment portfolio to ensure that none of the products they current have a stake in are in no way similar to the product that Mason and Shepherd are presenting to the firm. Simply put, this would create undue problems for the VC that would otherwise be nonexistent. Also, from another perspective, presenting the NDA to a VC would cast Mason and Shepherd in a negative light as it would indicate they dont necessarily understand the VC process. This would deter the VCs from investing in the product even without having to sign the nondisclosure agreement due to the friction it created. 4. What actions do you recommend that Mason and Shepherd take to guard against the appropriation of their ideas in the absence of an NDA? Mason and Shepherd should seek to secure a patent that would protect the intellectual property that they have developed so far. Shepherd has already development a working proof of concept, which can be used for filing the patent. While their idea is not patentable itself, the technology they have already created may be patentable. The technology they have already created provides a fairly simple solution to the complex problem of creating the translation engine. If this technology is patented, they will have a significant head start on any competitors that may try to create their own translation engine. The competitors would be deterred from initiating this venture due to the increased complexity of development of the translation engine since they would not be able to used the easier approach that Mason and Shepherd lay claim to. If Mason and Shepherd are unable to secure patent protection for their IP, they should simply proceed as aggressively as possible. Instead of defending themselves upfront, they must take an offensive strategy and bring the product to market as quickly as possible. This aggressive strategy will help ensure they always remain ahead of any competition that may exist. Once they control the initial market, it will be much more difficult for any competitors to try to break into that market. 5. What actions do you recommend that employees take to terminate their employment relationship with current employers? Relating to Mason and Shepherd: Mason and Shepherd should immediately terminate their relationship with their employers. However, at this point in the process, I dont believe that they are equipped with the knowledge and expertise to sever this relationship appropriately while also putting them in the best possible position for protection. They should immediately acquire an attorney experienced in this area of practice to draft their resignation letters and handle all further communication between the parties. Relating to employees in general: Employees should never disclose any knowledge of ideas, intellectual property, or any information relating to something they have developed or will develop to any employee of their company. Any information provided only serves as ammunition to the employer with which they can use to build a case against you and attempt to claim any such property. Employees should also seek to terminate their relationship with their employer as soon as possible. If there is any such suspicion that the employer may attempt to seek claim to property or seek some violation of non-compete by the employee, an attorney should always be involved as mentioned above. This presents complex situations which the employees are unprepared to handle on their own without legal advice.

Bond Dissociation Energy Definition

Bond Dissociation Energy Definition Bond dissociation energy is defines as the amount of energy which is required to homolytically fracture a chemical bond. A homolytic fracture usually produces radical species. Shorthand notation for this energy is BDE,  D0, or  DH °. Bond dissociation energy is often used as a measure of the strength of a chemical bond and to compare different bonds. Note the enthalpy change is temperature dependent. Typical units of bond dissociation energy are kJ/mol or kcal/mol. Bond dissociation energy may be measured experimentally using spectrometry, calorimetry, and electrochemical methods. Key Takeaways: Bond Dissociation Energy Bond dissociation energy is the energy required to break a chemical bond.It is one means of quantifying the strength of a chemical bond.Bond dissociation energy equals bond energy only for diatomic molecules.The strongest bond dissociation energy is for the Si-F bond. The weakest energy is for a covalent bond and is comparable to the strength of intermolecular forces. Bond Dissociation Energy Versus Bond Energy Bond dissociation energy is only equal to bond energy for diatomic molecules. This is because the bond dissociation energy is the energy of a single chemical bond, while bond energy is the average value for all the bond dissociation energies of all bonds of a certain type within a molecule. For example, consider removing successive hydrogen atoms from a methane molecule. The first bond dissociation energy is 105 kcal/mol, second is 110 kcal/mol, third is 101 kcal/mol, and final is 81 kcal/mol. So, the bond energy is the average of the bond dissociation energies, or 99 kcal/mol. In fact, the bond energy doesnt equal the bond dissociation energy for any of the C-H bonds in the methane molecule! The Strongest and Weakest Chemical Bonds From bond dissociation energy, its possible to determine which chemical bonds are strongest and which are weakest. The strongest chemical bond is the Si-F bond. The bond dissociation energy for F3Si-F is 166 kcal/mol, while the bond dissociation energy for H3Si-F is 152 kcal/mol. Th reason the Si-F bond is believed to be so strong is because there is a significant electronegativity difference between the two atoms. The carbon-carbon bond in acetylene also has a high bond dissociation energy of 160 kcal/mol. The strongest bond in a neutral compound is 257 kcal/mol in carbon monoxide. There is no particular weakest bond dissociation energy because weak covalent bonds actually have energy comparable to that of intermolecular forces. Generally speaking, the weakest chemical bonds are those between noble gases and transition metal fragments. The smallest measured bond dissociation energy is between atoms in the helium dimer, He2. The dimer is held together by the van der Waals force and has a bond dissociation energy of 0.021 kcal/mol. Bond Dissociation Energy Versus Bond Dissociation Enthalpy Sometimes the terms bond dissociation energy and bond dissociation enthalpy are used interchangeably. However, the two are not necessarily the same. The bond dissociation energy is the enthalpy change at 0 K. The bond dissociation enthalpy, sometimes simply called bond enthalpy, is the enthalpy change at 298 K. Bond dissociation energy is favored for theoretical work, models, and computations. Bond enthalpy is used for thermochemistry. Note that most of the time the values at the two temperatures are not significantly different. So, even though enthalpy does depend on temperatures, ignoring the effect doesnt usually have a big impact on calculations. Homolytic and Heterolytic Dissociation The definition of bond dissociation energy is for homolytically broken bonds. This refers to a symmetrical break in a chemical bond. However, bonds can break asymmetrically or heterolytically. In the gas phase, the energy released for a heterolytic break is larger than for homolysis. If a solvent is present, the energy value drops dramatically. Sources Blanksby, S.J.; Ellison, G.B. (April 2003). Bond dissociation energies of organic molecules. Accounts of Chemical Research. 36 (4): 255–63. doi:10.1021/ar020230dIUPAC, Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the Gold Book) (1997).Gillespie, Ronald J. (July 1998). Covalent and Ionic Molecules: Why Are BeF2 and AlF3 High Melting Point Solids whereas BF3 and SiF4 Are Gases?. Journal of Chemical Education. 75 (7): 923. doi:10.1021/ed075p923Kalescky, Robert; Kraka, Elfi; Cremer, Dieter (2013). Identification of the Strongest Bonds in Chemistry. The Journal of Physical Chemistry A. 117 (36): 8981–8995. doi:10.1021/jp406200wLuo, Y.R. (2007). Comprehensive handbook of chemical bond energies. Boca Raton: CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-7366-4.

Examples of Diacritical Marks

Examples of Diacritical Marks In phonetics, a diacritical mark is a  glyph- or symbol- added to a letter that alters its sense, function, or pronunciation. It is also known as a diacritic or an accent mark. A  diacritical mark is a point, sign, or squiggle added or attached to a letter or character to indicate appropriate stress, special pronunciation, or unusual sounds not common in the Roman alphabet, according to  L. Kip  Wheeler, a professor at Carson-Newman University in Tennessee. Purpose While diacritical marks are more common in foreign languages, you do encounter them quite often in English. For example, diacritics are often used with  certain French loanwords,  words  that are imported into one  language  from another language. Cafà © and clichà ©Ã‚  are loanwords  from French that contain a diacritical mark called an acute accent, which helps indicate how the  final  e  is pronounced. Diacritical marks are used in dozens of other foreign languages, including  Afrikaans, Arabic, Hebrew,  Filipino, Finnish, Greek, Galician, Irish, Italian, Spanish, and Welsh. These marks can change not only the pronunciation but also the meaning of a word. One example in English is rà ©sumà © or resumà © versus resume. The first two terms are nouns that mean  curriculum vitae, while the second is a verb meaning to return to or begin again.   Diacritical Marks in English There are literally dozens of diacritical marks, but it is helpful to learn the basic diacritics in English, as well as their functions. Some of the marks and explanations are adapted from a  list of diacritical marks  created by Professor Wheeler. Diacritical Mark Purpose Examples Acute accent Used with certain French loanwords cafà ©, clichà © Apostrophe * Indicates possession or the omission of a letter children's, don't Cedilla Attached to the bottom of the letter c in French loanwords, indicating a soft c faà §ade Circumflex accent Indicates reduced primary stress à ©levtor à ´pertor Diaeresis or Umlaut Used with certain names and words as a guide to pronunciation Chloà «, Brontà «, coà ¶perate, naà ¯ve Grave accent Occasionally used in poetry to indicate that a normally silent vowel should be pronounced learnà ¨d Macron or Stress Mark A dictionary notation to signify "long" vowel sounds pÄ dÄ  for payday Tilde In Spanish loan words, the tilde indicates a /y/ sound added to a consonant. caà ±on or pià ±a colada Tilde In Portuguese loanwords, the tilde indicates nasalized vowels. So Paulo *Because marks of punctuation arent added to letters, theyre generally not regarded as diacritics. However, an exception is sometimes made for apostrophes. Examples of Diacritics Diacritical marks are plentiful in English-language articles and books. Writers and  lexicographers  have used the marks to great advantage over the years as these examples show: Acute accent:  Feluda handed over the blue  attachà © case  before he sat down.- Satyajit Ray, The Complete Adventures of Feluda Apostrophe: Lets go down to my house and have some more fun,  Nancy said. Mother wont let us, I said. Its too late now. Dont bother her, Nancy said.- William Faulkner, That Evening Sun Go Down. The American Mercury, 1931 Diaeresis  or Umlaut:  Five young activists were voted into office, bringing political validation to a youth-driven movement dismissed by establishment elders as naà ¯ve, unschooled, and untenable.- Youthquake. Time,   Oct. 6, 2016 Grave accent:  Margret stood in her chamber;Shed sewn a silken seam.She lookà ¨d east an she lookà ¨d west,An  she saw those woods grow green.Tam Lin, The Traditional Tunes of the Child Ballads Macron: neighbornoun  Ã‚  neigh ·bor   \ˈnÄ -bÉ™r\- Merriam-Websters Collegiate Dictionary, 11th ed., 2009 Diacritics in Foreign Languages As noted, there are literally dozens of diacritical marks in foreign languages. Wheeler gives these examples: Swedish and Norse words may also use the circle marking above certain vowels (à ¥), and Czechoslovakian words may use the hacek  (ˆ), a wedge-shaped symbol to indicate a ch sound as in English chill. But unless you learn- or at least develop a proficiency- in those languages, you wont know how to read the words and letters altered by diacritical marks. You should, however, learn where these marks have become common in English- and where they have been dropped, notes  Shelley Townsend-Hudson in The Christian Writers Manual of Style. It can be tricky to know when to retain the diacritical marks, she says: The language is in flux. It is becoming more common, for example, to see the acute accent and diacritics being dropped from the words  clichà ©, cafà ©, and  naà ¯ve- thus,  cliche, cafe, and  naive. But dropping diacritical marks can change the meaning of a word. Townsend-Hudson argues that in many cases you should retain these crucial marks, particularly various accents, to ensure you are referring to the correct word, such as  pà ¢tà ©Ã‚  instead of  pate: The first use means  a spread of finely chopped or pureed seasoned meat, while the second refers the crown of the head- certainly a great difference in meaning. Diacritical marks are also important when you are referring to foreign place names, such as  So Paulo, Gà ¶ttingen, and  Cà ³rdoba  and personal names such as  Salvador Dalà ­, Molià ¨re, and  Karel ÄÅ'apek, she notes. Understanding diacritical marks is the key, then, to correctly identifying and even using many of the foreign words that have migrated into the English language.

An Overall Analysis of Various Aspects of Islam Research Paper

An Overall Analysis of Various Aspects of Islam - Research Paper Example (Waines 92) This ambiguity of the meaning of Islam ultimately evolves from the concept that one’s submission to the will of God will bring peace in this worldly life. A fundamental Muslim thinks that submission to God and peace are the two sides of the same coin. Conventionally it is often believed that Islam was founded by Muhammad, in the 640 AD, who claimed himself to be the messenger of God. But referring to the Quranic evidences, some scholars claim that the origin of Islam dates back to Adam, the first man as well as the first prophet of Islam. This is how, all of the Abrahamic religions and few others were the ancient versions, of Islam, which have now been annulled by God Himself. (Nasr 45) But other scholars argue that since the ancient versions of Islam such Christianity (the religion of Prophet Zesu, one of the most revered prophets in Islam), Judaism (the religion of Prophet Moses, another revered prophet in Islam) and other religions have been repealed by God beca use the distortions of these religions by men, the true Islam for modern people is the one that Muhammad founded in the Seventh Century. Articles of Faith in Islam Institutional Islam, to a great extent, can be viewed as the summation of some seven beliefs and actions according to these beliefs. A follower of Muhammad or a believer of Islam needs to believes in: a. one God (Allah), b. prophets starting from Adam to Muhammad including Noah, Moses, Jesus, Abraham, etc. c. divine scriptures (Qutub) such as the Torah (the divine message of David or Da’ud), the Zabur (the divine message of Moses or Musa), the Bible of Zesu or Isaac (the Ingile as the Muslim calls it), the Quran (Muhammad), other unnamed minor religious scripts that were descended upon the prophets, d. the angels as the servants of God, e. belief in the â€Å"Day of Judgment† () and f. belief in fate. The summation of these beliefs is known as Islamic Belief, in Arabic ‘Iman’ or ‘Aqidahâ⠂¬â„¢. ‘Iman’ or ‘Aqidah’ essentially means to have beliefs in these six articles. Indeed five of these Articles of Faiths are supported by the textual evidences from the Quran. For an example, the verse 136 of chapter â€Å"An-Nisa† says, â€Å"Whoever disbelieveth in God and His angels and His scriptures and His messengers and the Last Day, he verily wandered far astray.† (4:136) Again the verse 285 of Chapter ‘Baqarah’ tells about the four of the main articles of faith in Islam: â€Å"believers have believed in God and His angels and His scriptures and His messengers† (2:285). Tawhid: Islamic Belief in the Oneness of God Islamic belief in God is both confirmation of one’s belief in one God and denial of many. In this sense, belief in Islamic God is a rigorous monotheism. In Arabic, this monotheism is called Tawhid or the oneness of God. This ‘Tawhid’ is the most fundamental concept of Islam. Indeed th e Islamic belief in the existence of one God is essentially the denial of many gods. According to the Quran, the fact that God is one is self-evident and therefore, the concept of many gods is simply false. God as well as His oneness, in Islam, often sides with transcendentalism. Though the transcendentalism has not directly been affirmed in Islam. The description of God, in a round about way, infers that God is transcendental. The Chapter, â€Å"